AELE LAW LIBRARY OF CASE SUMMARIES:
Civil Liability of
Law Enforcement Agencies & Personnel
Procedural: Jury Selection & Jury Trial Right
In an arrestee's
lawsuit claiming that his arrest lacked probable cause, a federal appeals
court rejected the argument that a prospective juror should have been excused
because the plaintiff thought her prior belief about the possession of
guns by convicted felons made her unfit to serve. The court also rejected
the argument that the jury selection procedures and size should have been
altered for the express purpose of ensuring that the petit jury would have
jurors of a particular race. Marshall
v. City of Chicago, #13-2771, 2014 U.S. App. Lexis 15376 (7th Cir.).
Under Louisiana
state law, there is no right to a jury trial in any lawsuit for injury
to person or property against the state, a state agency, officer, or employee,
or a political subdivision of the state or its employees acting in the
discharge of his officials duties or within the course and scope of his
employment. A jury trial was therefore not available on claims by the parents
of a son shot and killed by an off-duty police officer, based on a determination
that the officer acted in the course and scope of his employment or in
discharging his official duties. Robertson v. Hessler, No. 2003-C-1060,
881 So.2d 116 (La. App. 2004). [N/R]
Trial judge did not abuse discretion in refusing
to ask potential jurors in lawsuit over shooting by officer how they felt
about certain highly publicized police misconduct cases. Questions asked
were sufficient to probe jurors' views about police misconduct litigation
generally and about potential biases in favor of officers. Monroe v. City
of Phoenix, Ariz., No. 99-16974, 248 F.3d 851 (9th Cir. 2001). [N/R]
334:155 New trial granted in lawsuit over
police dog's biting of arrestee; prospective jurors who indicated, during
questioning, that they would have difficulty in awarding damages for pain
and suffering unless it involved a condition that the plaintiff would suffer
from for life should have been dismissed for cause. Pacot v. Wheeler, No.
4D99-0269, 758 So. 2d 1141 (Fla. App. 2000).
328:58 California court rules that it is
improper to strike gays and lesbians from a prospective jury on the basis
of their sexual orientation. People v. Garcia, No. 00 C.D.O.S. 851, 92
Cal. Rptr. 2d 339 (Cal. App. 2000).
332:123 Failure of trial judge to explicitly
rule on the credibility of defendant's lawyers' use of peremptory challenges
to bar minority jury members from trial in case alleging that court security
officers attacked a married couple outside court required a new trial;
wife, who suffered a subsequent miscarriage, could not recover damages
for the loss of the baby, however, since a subsequent assault made it unclear
what had caused it. Barnes v. Anderson, No. 98- 9114, 202 F.3d 150 (2nd
Cir. 1999).
322:148 Arrestee awarded $30,000 in damages
against officer for false arrest and intentional infliction of emotional
distress was also entitled to $193,361.25 in attorneys' fees and $3,987.20
in costs, despite contingent fee agreement limiting attorneys' fees to
40% of award; $3,000 in sanctions imposed against officer for failure to
reveal additional citizen complaints against him in discovery process;
plaintiff did not improperly strike males from the jury, since "gender-neutral"
reasons were given. Gaytan v. Kapus, 181 F.R.D. 573 (N.D. Ill. 1998).
296:122 Police officer defendants' striking
of only two black members of jury panel in lawsuit against them was proper
when one potential juror stated that she previously had an "unpleasant
experience" with the police and defendants had personally been to
other potential juror's residence to arrest her husband or boyfriend Johnson
v. City of Decatur, 686 So.2d 314 (Ala Civ App. 1996).
{N/R} Underrepresentation of minorities on
jury venire which was the result of accidental computer error, rather than
intentional discrimination, did not violate defendant's equal protection
rights Ricketts v. City of Hartford, 74 F.3d 1397 (2nd Cir. 1996).
285:137 City and mental health agency was
not liable for officer's shooting of paranoid schizophrenic as he exited
his bedroom, allegedly advancing on officer with hatchet raised; defendants
adequately explained reasons for striking two black jurors, and trial judge
correctly excluded evidence which was not relevant to the case at hand
McKeel v. City of Pine Bluff, 73 F.3d 207 (8th Cir, 1996).
265:13 Florida constitution prohibits use
of peremptory challenges on the basis of a potential juror's Jewish ethnic
background Joseph v. Florida, 636 So.2d 777 (Fla App. 1994). Editor's Note:
" See also Florida v. Alen, 616 So.2d 452 (Fla 1993), in which the
Florida Supreme Court ruled that prosecutors could not use peremptory challenges
to discriminate against Hispanics or other ethnic groups which constitute
a "cognizable class"
U.S. Supreme Court rules that peremptory
challenges of potential jurors based on gender violate the Equal Protection
Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment JEB v. Alabama Ex Re TB, 114 S.Ct. 1419
(1994).
Use of voter lists as the sole source for
choosing trial jury pools did not violate black civil rights plaintiff's
right to have jury chosen from a fair cross-section of the community; appeals
court refuses to order new trial in case where jury returned verdict for
officer sued for use of deadly force Floyd v. Garrison, 996 F.2d 947 (8th
Cir. 1993).
Plaintiffs in wrongful death suit against
city raised their objection to the ethnic/racial composition of the panel
of prospective jurors too late when they waited until after the jury was
sworn in and empaneled Martinez v. City of Austin, 852 S.W.2d 71 (Tex.
App. 1993).
Police officer defendant in civil rights
suit gave adequate race-neutral reason for striking of only black juror;
defendant officer was entitled to costs award of $3,082 after jury verdict
in his favor on excessive force claim Soler v. McHenry, 771 F.Supp. 252
(N.D.Ill. 1991).
Alabama Supreme Court remands defense verdict
on false arrest claim by black shopper against arresting officer; defendants'
use of all peremptory challenges to strike black potential jurors raised
an inference of race discrimination Fowler v. Family Dollar Stores, Inc,
571 So.2d 1102 (Ala 1990).
Eighth circuit court of appeals holds that
race cannot be used as basis for peremptory challenges of jurors in civil
rights action Reynolds v. City of Little Rock, 893 F.2d 1004 (8th Cir.
1990).
Race-based peremptory challenges to potential
jurors in civil lawsuits is unconstitutional, U.S. Supreme Court rules
Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company, Inc, 111 S.Ct. 2077 (1991).
Two federal appeals courts hold that race
cannot be used as basis for peremptory challenges of jurors in civil lawsuits
Fludd v. Dykes, 863 F.2d 822 (11th Cir. 1989); Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete
Co, Inc, 860 F.2d 1308 (5th Cir. 1988).