AELE LAW LIBRARY OF CASE SUMMARIES:
Civil Liability of Law Enforcement Agencies
& Personnel
Damages: Nominal
A homeowner sought
$9,462 in compensatory damages that he claimed was needed to refurnish
his home after an unreasonable execution of a search warrant by four officers.
He also sought damages for emotional distress and punitive damages. A jury
found for the plaintiff against only one officer and awarded only $100.
He then sought an award of $116,435 in attorneys' fees as a prevailing
party for 450 hours of work. A federal appeals court upheld a denial of
attorneys' fees, finding that the jury award on just one of eight claims
made was nominal and trivial and did not provide any public benefit. Aponte
v. City of Chicago, #12-3099, 2013 U.S. App. Lexis 18111 (7th Cir.).
A deputy sheriff
detained and handcuffed for about a minute a nine-year-old female African-American
student at school following her disagreement with her teacher, to whom
she allegedly made a disrespectful and supposedly threatening remark. The
student was arguably compliant when the deputy approached her. A jury subsequently
awarded one dollar in nominal damages. A federal appeals court subsequently
ruled that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding $39,000 in
attorneys' fees to the plaintiff when she had only achieved minimal results
rather than the $25,000 in damages she had sought. Gray v. Bostic, #12-11819,
2013 U.S. App. Lexis 13558 (11th Cir.).
A jury found that an officer used excessive
force in detaining a man who was involved in a late night fight outside
a tavern. The jury only awarded $1 in nominal damages, however, and no
compensatory or punitive damages. A federal appeals court found no inconsistency
with the jury's finding that the officer used excessive force and caused
injury, as it could have attributed the injury as resulting from the officer's
other, lawful actions, and not from his use of excessive force. The court
also ruled that an award of attorneys' fees was appropriate, since such
an award would encourage the city to make sure that officers do not use
excessive force after subduing a suspect. The appeals court therefore reversed
the trial court's decision not to award any attorneys' fees. Guy v. City
of San Diego, #08-56024, 2010 U.S. App. Lexis 12405 (9th Cir.).
A man allegedly arrested on false charges
based on fabricated or "planted" evidence of cocaine could seek
nominal damages based on a three day period during which he was allegedly
jailed only for these "fabricated charges," but after those three
days was essentially serving a 25-year sentence on an unrelated murder
conviction, and therefore did not suffer any compensable injury from his
continued confinement. Eloy v. Guillot, No. 07-13818, 2008 U.S. App. Lexis
14730 (Unpub. 11th Cir.).
Motorist who was detained for allegedly producing
a counterfeit driver's license, but who was released when the authenticity
of the license was verified was properly awarded only $400 in damages by
a jury in his federal civil rights lawsuit. While the plaintiff was in
custody for two to three hours, he was never placed under arrest, and presented
no medical evidence of injury. His sole evidence of damages was his wife's
testimony that he was humiliated in the community by these events. Under
these circumstances, the jury acted reasonably in only awarding him nominal
damages, and he was not entitled to a new trial or to an award of attorneys'
fees under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988. Chen v. City of New York, #28331/02, 2007
N.Y. Misc. Lexis 7145 (Sup. Court. Queens County).
Trial court properly set aside jury's award
of $1 in nominal damages to a man bit twice by a police dog during an attempt
to apprehend him. His persistent insistence during discovery that he was
not the suspect that the police were seeking at the time, until he admitted
during cross-examination at trial that he was, constituted perjury for
which the denial of the jury's award was a proper sanction. Chavez v. City
of Albuquerque, No. 03-2195, 2005 U.S. App. Lexis 4969 (10th Cir. 2005).
[2005 LR May]
Even though plaintiff was acquitted
of murder charges, he could seek to recover nominal damages for alleged
violations of his right to a fair trial resulting from police officers'
and sheriff's investigators' alleged misconduct in concealing exculpatory
evidence which should have been disclosed to the defense. Carroccia v.
Anderson, #02C-3916, 249 F. Supp. 2d 1016 (N.D. Ill. 2003). [N/R]
337:5 Family
of woman killed by her estranged husband could assert a claim for violation
of equal protection based on alleged failure to provide police protection
because of gender, regardless of whether they could show that this failure
helped cause the murder or indeed caused any actual harm at all; nominal
damages could still be awarded if a constitutional violation without actual
harm was proven. Macias, Estate of, v. Ihde, #99-15662, 219 F.3d 1018 (9th
Cir. 2000).
331:99 Washington state intermediate appeals
court rules that it was not an abuse of discretion to award $9,920 in attorneys'
fees to plaintiff in excessive force claim who was awarded only $1 in nominal
damages. Ermine v. City of Spokane, #18253-3-III, 996 P.2d 624 (Wash. App.
2000).
335:164 Arrestee who claimed that officers
beat him while he was handcuffed, despite the lack of resistance on his
part, did not have to show direct monetary losses to recover compensatory
damages; damages could be based on pain and suffering or emotional distress,
and, even without actual injury, he might be entitled to nominal damages.
Slicker v. Jackson, No. 99-10592 215 F.3d 1225 (11th Cir. 2000).
322:147 Jury properly awarded $1 in nominal
damages and $20,000 in punitive damages (later reduced to $15,000) against
officer who allegedly used excessive force against arrestee during booking
process; trial court improperly dismissed claims against city following
trial of claims against individual officers, since plaintiff could pursue
city's liability even if he was barred from receiving anything more than
$1 in damages against municipality. Amato v. City of Saratoga Springs,
N.Y., #97-9623, 170 F.3d 311 (2nd Cir. 1999).
{N/R} Jury should have been instructed that
it should award at least nominal damages if it found liability. Robinson
v. Cattaraugus County, #97-7354, 147 F.3d 153 (2nd Cir. 1998).
306:92 Officer conducted illegal search of
inside of vehicle when he had not arrested motorist or taken custody of
her vehicle and did not have any reason to suspect that weapons were in
vehicle or that motorist was dangerous; appeals court upholds award of
$1 in nominal damages and 33 cents in attorneys' fees; officer waived qualified
immunity defense by not pursuing it at trial. McCardle v. Haddad, 131 F.3d
43 (2nd Cir. 1997).
266:19 Plaintiff arrested by state police
officers, grabbed by the neck, and pulled out of tavern, was entitled only
to $1 in nominal damages for assault and battery claim; he suffered "no
injury" from the use of force and only made "embarrassingly phony"
moans of pain concerning his neck once someone started to videotape the
events Brooker v. NY, 614 N.Y.S.2d 640 (A.D. 1994).
Youth detained by officer for one minute
in park was entitled to nominal damages of $1 when jury found that officer
violated his Fourth Amendment rights, but awarded "zero" in "nominal
or compensatory damages" Wilkes v. Reyes, 5 F.3d 412 (9th Cir. 1993).
Civil rights plaintiff was entitled to judgment
and award of nominal damages of $1 when jury found that her civil rights
had been violated but awarded no damages Floyd v. Laws, 929 F.2d 1390 (9th
Cir. 1991).