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JAMES FITZGERALD WATSON,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
CLIFF GILL,
Defendant-Appellee.
No. 01-6249
June 26, 2002, Filed
NOTICE:
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT
PUBLICATION. SIXTH CIRCUIT RULE 28(g) LIMITS CITATION TO SPECIFIC SITUATIONS.
PLEASE SEE RULE 28(g) BEFORE CITING IN A PROCEEDING IN A COURT IN THE SIXTH
CIRCUIT. IF CITED, A COPY MUST BE SERVED ON OTHER PARTIES AND THE COURT. THIS
NOTICE IS TO BE PROMINENTLY DISPLAYED IF THIS DECISION IS REPRODUCED.
ORDER
James Fitzgerald Watson, a
Kentucky prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals a district court order dismissing
his civil rights complaint filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This case
has been referred to a panel of the court pursuant to Rule 34(j)(1), Rules of
the Sixth Circuit. Upon examination, this panel unanimously agrees that oral
argument is not needed. Fed. R. App. P. 34(a).
Seeking monetary relief only,
Watson filed a complaint against Cliff Gill, head jailer of the McCracken
County Jail, where Watson is
incarcerated. Watson sued Gill in his official capacity only. The
district court also construed Watson's complaint as filed against the McCracken
County Jail, although the complaint did not specifically identify the jail as a
defendant. Relying upon the Eighth Amendment, [*89] Watson alleged that he has
been denied medical care during his incarceration in the McCracken County Jail.
Watson explained that on October 22, 1999, he was arrested and transported to
the McCracken County Jail. Watson alleged that because he was injured during
the arrest, he requested Gill to take him to the hospital or let him see the
jail doctor, but Gill ignored his request. On October 27, 1999, Watson was seen
by the jail doctor but, according to Watson, the doctor gave him a touch
examination only and refused to send him to the hospital for x-rays. Watson
also alleged that both the doctor and a nurse humiliated him. Watson alleged that
he has been incarcerated for approximately seventeen months, yet he has not
received medical attention for the injuries from which he continues to suffer.
The
district court dismissed Watson's complaint, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C.
§ 1915A(b)(1), after concluding that Watson's complaint failed to state a claim
upon which relief may be granted. Watson filed a timely appeal.
We
review de novo a district court's order dismissing a suit for failure to state
a claim upon which relief may be granted under § 1915A(b). Brown v. Bargery, 207 F.3d 863, 867 (6th
Cir. 2000). "Dismissal of a complaint for the failure to state a claim on
which relief may be granted is appropriate only if it appears beyond a doubt
that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim that would
entitle him to relief." Id.
Upon review, we conclude that
the district court properly dismissed Watson's complaint, as it fails to state
a claim for relief. The McCracken County Jail is not a legal entity susceptible
to suit. See Matthews v. Jones, 35
F.3d 1046, 1049 (6th Cir. 1994). Because the McCracken County Jail is a
department of the county, the county is the appropriate party to address
Watson's suit. See id. Furthermore, Gill is not subject to suit for monetary
damages in his official capacity. See
Will v. Michigan Dep't of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 70-71, 105 L. Ed.
2d 45, 109 S. Ct. 2304 (1989). If an action is brought against an official of a
governmental entity in his official capacity only, the suit should be construed
as brought against the governmental entity that employs that individual, in
this case, McCracken County. See id.;
Matthews, 35 F.3d at 1049.
Governmental entities cannot be
held responsible for a constitutional deprivation unless there is a direct
causal link between a municipal policy or custom and the alleged violation of
constitutional rights. Monell v. Dep't. of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 692, 56
L. Ed. 2d 611, 98 S. Ct. 2018 (1978); Deaton v. Montgomery County, Ohio, 989
F.2d 885, 889 (6th Cir. 1993). Moreover, a governmental entity cannot be held
responsible under § 1983 for injuries inflicted by its employees or agents
merely because it employs the wrongdoer. Monell, 436 U.S. at 691; Stemler v.
City of Florence, 126 F.3d 856, 865 (6th Cir. 1997). The theory of respondeat
superior simply cannot provide the basis for liability in § 1983 actions. Monell, 436 U.S. at 691.
Watson's complaint did not
allege that McCracken County operated pursuant to an unconstitutional policy or
custom requiring jail officials to ignore inmates' requests for medical
attention and treatment. Watson's complaint also did not allege that McCracken
County was responsible for any of the actions or inactions taken by Gill or that Gill's actions or inactions
occurred as a result of a policy or custom approved by the county. Even if Gill
did violate Watson's constitutional rights, McCracken County cannot be held
responsible for Gill's conduct under § 1983 simply because the county employed
Gill. [*90] See Monell, 436 U.S. at 691; Stemler, 126 F.3d at 865.
Accordingly, the district court's order is affirmed. Rule 34(j)(2)(C),
Rules of the Sixth Circuit.