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Employment & Labor Law for Public Safety Agencies
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Transfers - Disciplinary or Punitive
Third Circuit rejects a retaliation suit
against a city police officer who reported possible misconduct to state
officials. She was transferred to the property room, without any loss of
pay. "Plaintiff's transfer and the alleged comments and behavior directed
towards her do not amount to punitive conduct that would deter a person
of ordinary firmness from exercising her free speech rights, and ... the
lack of adverse employment action was fatal to [her] claims. Revell v.
City of Jersey City, #09-4207, 2010 U.S. App. Lexis 19407 (Unpub. 3rd Cir.).
Federal appellate panel affirms the termination
of a HHS employee who refused a transfer to Atlanta from Hawaii. "Removal
is not an unreasonably harsh penalty" for a refusal to accept a new
assignment. Toyama v. Leavitt, #2010-3038, 2010 U.S. App. Lexis 17119 (Fed.
Cir.).
The reassignment of a black, GS-15 agent-in-charge
of a former First Lady's Secret Service detail to an Asst. Agent-in-Charge
position at a training center was not appealable, because it was at the
same pay grade and was not an adverse personnel action. Moreover, the "ample
record supports the Service's assertion that [the agent] was reassigned
based on the perceptions of his first and second line supervisors that
he had been less than effective managing the relatively small [Lady Bird]
Johnson Protective Division." Sykes v. Napolitano, #07-42, 2010 U.S.
Dist. Lexis 45873 (D.D.C.).
Seventh Circuit affirms the dismissal of a suit,
challenging an alleged disciplinary transfer, of a deputy who wrote a humiliating
public comment about the sheriff. While the deputy spoke as a citizen,
the content of the message was not a matter of public concern. Milwaukee
Deputy Sheriff’s Assn. v. Clarke, #08-3298, 2009 U.S. App. Lexis 16082
(7th Cir.).
Arbitrator overturns
an involuntary transfer that occurred immediately after the grievant indicated
that he was going to file a grievance challenging a schedule change. City
of Reno and Reno Police Employees, 125 LA (BNA) 158 (Staudohar, 2008).
Federal appeals court reinstates an action
challenging a court security officer's transfer in violation of the bargaining
agreement. There was no showing by the employer that the transfer could
have been challenged via grievance mechanisms. Cephas v. MVM, #06-5244,
2008 U.S. App. Lexis 6461 (D.C. Cir.).
Seventh Circuit overturns a judgment for
$210,000 in compensatory and $150,000 in punitive damages, awarded to a
State Police lieutenant that was laterally transferred because of his criticism
of a case and filing an internal complaint. His statements and reports
were made pursuant to his official duties, and not as a citizen. Callahan
v. Fermon, #05-4313, 2008 U.S. App. Lexis 10800 (7th Cir.).
Police officers lacked a prima facie entitlement
to summary judgment on a claim that their reassignment from a narcotics
task force to the patrol division was "disciplinary action" within
the meaning of the bargaining agreement, which contained a grievance and
arbitration procedure. Police Officers v. City of Farmington, #24,972,
2006-NMCA-077, 2006 N.M. App. Lexis 51, 179 LRRM (BNA) 3352 (NM App. 2006).
{N/R}
Alleged retaliatory transfer of an Illinois
State police lieutenant results in a verdict for $210,000 in compensatory
damages and $472,300 in punitive damages against two superiors. Callahan
v. Brueggemann, #03-CV-2167 ( C.D. Ill. 2005). [2005 FP Oct]
Federal appeals court rules that a state
does not waive its sovereign immunity by removing to federal court, a lawsuit
challenging an involuntary transfer. Stewart v. N.C. Dept. of Correction,
#4-1138, 393 F.3d 484, 2005 U.S. App. Lexis 11, 22 IER Cases (BNA) 367
(4th Cir. 2005). {N/R}
Court declines to dismiss a retaliation lawsuit
filed by a state trooper who was involuntarily transferred after filing
a grievance and subjected to a pay cut shortly after he filed a discrimination
complaint with the EEOC. Brand v. North Car. Dept. of C.C. & Public
Safety, #1:03-CV-00966, 352 F.Supp.2d 606, 2004 U.S. Dist. Lexis 26190
(M.D.N.C. 2004). {N/R}
Arbitrator holds that the city violated a
past practice when management selected a less senior firefighter to fill
a vacancy by transfer. Arbitrator also ordered payment of overtime differential.
City of Urbana and Urbana F/F Assn., 119 LA (BNA) 1078, FMCS Case No. 041202/01725/6
(Imundo 2004). [2004 FP Sep]
Federal appeals court rejects the retaliation
lawsuit of a police lieutenant who claimed he was transferred to light
duty because he gave negative testimony about the chief of police in another
officer's civil rights trial. The lieutenant did not suffer an adverse
employment action because his lost pay and benefits were retroactively
restored. Mylett v. City of Corpus Christi, #03-40774, 2004 U.S. App. Lexis
8729 (5th Cir. 2004). {N/R}
Appellate court declines to overturn an arbitration
finding that an involuntary transfer of an officer from the aviation unit
was for disciplinary reasons and was grievable, as opposed to a nondisciplinary
managerial decision. Penn. State Police v. P. S. Troopers Assn., #1815
C.D. 2003, 840 A.2d 1059, 2004 Pa. Commw. Lexis 18, 174 LRRM (BNA) 2154
(Penn. Cmwlth 2004). {N/R}
Arbitrator finds that management transferred
two officers for disciplinary reasons in violation of the bargaining agreement.
City of El Paso and El Paso POA, 118 LA (BNA) 855, AAA Case #70-390-00619-02
(Allen, 2003). {N/R}
Union was not liable for a breach of its
duty of fair representation when it chose not to pursue the arbitration
of a forced transfer of one of two employees who were bitter enemies in
the workplace. Driver v. U.S. Postal Service, #01-6079, 2003 FED App. 0140P,
2003 U.S. App. Lexis 9195 (6th Cir. 2003). [2003 FP Jul]
Federal court in D.C. refuses to order the
prosecutor to remove an officer's name from a blacklist -- thereby preventing
him from making arrests, testifying in court or working undercover assignments.
The due process clause and civil service laws do not protect a particular
job assignment, not accompanied by a loss of pay. Humberson v. U.S. Attorney's
Office, #02-2179, 2003 U.S. Dist. Lexis 242 (D.D.C. 2003). [2003 FP Apr]
Seventh Circuit affirms the dismissal of
a retaliation lawsuit brought by DEA instructors that were summarily transferred
after they publicly demeaned women, Attorney General Reno and First Lady
Hillary Clinton. The DEA had a duty to thoroughly investigate the harassment
claims and to take remedial action. Flanagan v. Ashcroft, #00-2766, 2003
U.S. App. Lexis 844 (7th Cir. 2003). [2003 FP Apr]
Tenth Circuit
affirms a $75,000 verdict for a SWAT officer who was involuntarily transferred
after he testified that the department's firearms training programs were
deficient. Schneider v. C&C of Denver, #01-1199, 2002 WL 1938583, 2002
U.S. App. Lexis 17605 (10th Cir.2002). [2002 FP Nov]
Corrections lieutenant who was laterally
transfer failed to prove she was the victim of retaliatory action after
she opposed the termination of a native-American officer. Petersen v. Utah
Dept. of Corrections, # 01-4090, 301 F.3d 1182, 2002 U.S. App. Lexis 17415,
89 FEP Cases (BNA) 1182 (10th Cir. 2002). [2002 FP Nov]
Federal court in Chicago rejects suit
by DEA instructors that were summarily transferred after they demeaned
women, the Attorney General and the First Lady. Flanagan v. Reno, #97C2083,
101 F.Supp.2d 1022, 2000 U.S. Dist. Lexis 8350, 83 FEP Cases (BNA) 352
(N.D. Ill.). [2000 FP 141-2]
Federal judge overturns a $50,000 verdict
for a retaliatory transfer, after a NYPD detective complained of national
origin discrimination. Lateral change had no "adverse" action.
Chu v. City of N.Y., 99 Civ. 11523, 2000 U.S. Dist. Lexis 18513 (S.D.N.Y.).
California appeals court allows an officer
to have a civil service hearing prior to a disciplinary transfer, with
a pay reduction. Giuffre v. Sparks, 1999 Cal. App. Lexis 1097, 91 Cal.Rptr.2d
171. [2000 FP 29]
Federal court dismisses detective's lawsuit
claiming that transfers and reassignments were imposed to punish him for
suing the police dept. in a prior dispute. Guida v. Police Dept. City of
N.Y., 1997 U.S.Dist. Lexis 7053 (S.D.N.Y.). [1997 FP 107-8]
Federal appeals court rejects a suit by a
CHP commander, that claimed he was involuntarily transferred because his
subordinates ticketed the daughters of the Commissioner. Stiesberg v. St.
of Calif., 80 F.3d 353 (9th Cir. 1996). [1997 FP 46]
Jury awards $31,000 general and $121,000
punitive damages to a police officer who, in 1989, was transferred for
taking the Fifth Amendment at a grand jury proceeding. Judge overturns
the verdict because in 1989 the right to be free from a punitive transfer
was not clearly established. Chan v. City of Chicago, 916 F.Supp. 804,
1996 U.S.Dist. Lexis 1905 (N.D.Ill.). In an earlier ruling, the court ruled
the dept. could not transfer the officer to a less desirable assignment
with loss of overtime and take-home vehicle. Transfer was a "constructive
demotion." See 777 F.Supp. 1437 (N.D. Ill. 1991). [1996 FP 174 and
1992 FP 55]
Federal appeals court reverses trial court
that dismissed a suit filed by a state trooper against the commissioner,
challenging a transfer imposed after he expressed opinions on the operation
of a town. U.S. Supreme Court declines review. Bieluch v. Sullivan, 999
F.2d 666 (2d Cir. 1993); cert. den. sub nom Sullivan v. Bieluch 114 S.Ct.
926 (1994). {N/R}
Member of the National Guard, who was involuntarily
transferred after a "whistle-blowing" incident, could not bring
a Sec. 1983 civil rights action against the state. The Guard was not a
"person" under the act, the 11th Amendment precluded his monetary
claims, and a guardsman is not a "employee" under the state's
whistleblower protection act. Introini v. S.C. Natl. Guard, 828 F.Supp.
391 (D.S.C. 1993). {N/R}
Sheriff's officer who was transferred from
road patrol to court security duties, with loss of vehicle and overtime,
was not deprived of a liberty or property interest, since overtime and
use of a county vehicle were not rights guaranteed to employees under state
law or the bargaining agreement. Lake Co. Sheriff and Grievant, 99 LA (BNA)
31 (Eagle, 1992). {N/R}
Federal courts uphold $1,840,000 award to
five Philadelphia police officers for disciplinary transfers. Keenan v.
City of Philadelphia, 983 F.2d 459 (3rd Cir. 1992). [1993 FP 46]
Transfers which involve no loss of pay or
rank do not deprive the employee of a property or liberty interest. The
employee is not entitled to due process protections prior to the transfer.
Oladeinde v. City of Birmingham, 963 F.2d 1481 (11th Cir. 1992), cert.den.
113 S.Ct. 1586 (1993). {N/R}
Federal Civil Rights Act protects employees
against punitive transfers for exercising their First Amendment Rights.
Nowak v. Szedo, 704 F.Supp. 153 (N.D. Ill. 1989).
Retaliatory transfer of police officer for
refusing to ignore parking violation by mayor's son did not furnish the
basis for a damage suit against his superiors. Sager v. Reynolds, 750 S.W.2d
616 (Mo.App. 1988).
Federal court holds that an involuntary transfer
can be a "demotion" even though pay grade is unchanged. Officer
allegedly transferred twice for exercising his First Amendment rights.
McNamara v. City of Chicago, 700 F.Supp. 917 (N. D. Ill. 1988).
Court finds transfer was for disciplinary
purposes and should be set aside. Personnel Bd. of Jefferson Co. v. Bailey,
475 So.2d 863 (Ala. Civ. App. 1985).
Transfer of officer from motorcycle to patrol
car, with cut in skill pay, constituted "discipline"; hearing
required. McManigal v. City of Seal Beach, 212 Cal.Rptr. 733 (App. 1985).
Highway patrol could transfer dissension
causing member without a due process hearing. Hughes v. Whitmer, 714 F.2d
1407 (8th Cir. 1983).
Lateral transfers for disciplinary reasons
are valid without due process protections. Mosrie v. Barry, 718 F.2d 1151
(D.C. Cir. 1983).
Underlying facts surrounding a transfer will
determine whether it is for disciplinary reasons, requiring a hearing.
Hughes v. Whitmer, 537 F.Supp. 93 (W.D. Mo. 1982). Transfer of subordinate
was disciplinary action and required a hearing when accompanied by salary
reduction. White v. Co. of Sacramento, 183 Cal.Rptr. 520, 646 P.2d 191
(1982).
Federal appeals court holds that courts may
not enjoin a punitive transfer; disciplinary appeals procedure is the exclusive
remedy. Gilley v. United States, 649 F.2d 450 (6th Cir. 1981).
Transfer to punish employee for publicly
revealing departmental information held unconstitutional by federal court.
Ruhlman v. Barger, 435 F.Supp. 447 (W.D. Pa. 1976).
See also: Transfers
- Non Disciplinary