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Drug Abuse & Rehabilitation
� Unlawful drug use
� Prescriptive drugs
Monthly Law Journal Article: Medical Marijuana and Public Safety Personnel,2011 (11) AELE Mo. L. J. 201.
The
plaintiff was issued a medical marijuana registry card under state law. Based
on this, and relying on a letter issued by the federal ATF, a firearms dealer
refused to sell her a firearm. She claimed that federal statutes, regulations,
and guidance that prevented her from buying a gun because of her medical
marijuana use violated her Second Amendment rights. Intermediate scrutiny was
applied, and the court properly held that 18 U.S.C. 922(d)(3), 27 C.F.R.
478.11, and the ATF's Open Letter at issue did not place a severe burden on the
plaintiff's Second Amendment rights. The degree of fit between the laws and
guidance and the goal of preventing gun violence was reasonable and survived
intermediate scrutiny. The appeals court also rejected First Amendment and
Fifth Amendment due process claims. There was no constitutionally protected
liberty interest in holding a medical marijuana registry card at the same time
as buying a firearm. Wilson v. Lynch, #14-15700, 2016 U.S. App. Lexis 16108
(9th Cir.).
While the state of
Colorado has legalized the use of marijuana for both medical and recreational
purposes, the Colorado Supreme Court has ruled that a quadriplegic employee who
uses marijuana, even with a prescription and even off-duty can be fired for
such use. In this case, an employee who tested positive for THC during random
drug testing could not sue for wrongful discharge under state law despite being
a medical marijuana patient, with a prescription granted for the drug to help
control violent muscle spasms. Because the use of marijuana is unlawful under
federal law, its use does not fall within the protection of a state statute
governing "lawful" activities. Under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S.
Constitution, when there is a conflict between federal and state law, federal
law prevails, including in the context of marijuana regulation. While the case
involved a private employer, the same reasoning would apply with a public
employer. Coats v. Dish Network, LLC, #13SC394, 2015 Colo. Lexis 520.
In
Colorado, where recreational use of marijuana is now legal, along with medical
use of marijuana, an intermediate state appeals court has ruled by 2-1 that
users of either recreational or medical marijuana in the state can legally be
fired, despite the fact that Colorado also has a law providing employment
protection for doing legal things while off duty. The decision is based on the
illegal status of marijuana under federal law. The case involved a private
employer who fired a quadriplegic medical marijuana patient for off the job
marijuana use. He tested positive for marijuana The court also said that a
showing that the drug use impaired job performance was not required. Coats v.
Dish Network, #12-CA0595, 2013 Colo. App. Lexis 616, 2013 COA 62.
An employee of a private company was fired for testing
positive for marijuana on a drug test. He sued for wrongful termination, and
claimed that the fact that he was a legal registered user of medical marijuana
under state law barred the employer from firing him for its use. The appeals
court held that the state law provided no protection to the employee against
termination for drug use. The statute did not purport to regulate private
employment actions, and, if the legislature intended any such broad extension
of employee rights against termination for the use of marijuana, illegal under
federal law, and illegal under state law too, except for permitted medical
purposes, it would have expressly enacted it. Casias v. Wal-Mart, #11-1227,
2012 U.S. App. Lexis 19634, 2012 Fed. App. 0343P (6th Cir.).
While Washington state law allows the medical use
of marijuana for patients with a certificate for certain conditions, the
Washington Supreme Court has ruled that this does not bar employers in the
state from firing employees with such certificates for marijuana use, nor
require employers to "reasonably accommodate" medical marijuana
users. The decision prohibits the state's Human Rights Commission from
investigating complaints about such firings. The court reasoned that, despite
the allowance for medical use under state law, it would violate public policy
to require employers to sanction criminal conduct by retaining such workers,
since use of the drug is a federal crime. Roe v. TeleTech Customer Care Mgmt.,
#83768-6, 2011 Wash. Lexis 393.
Oregon Supreme Court holds that employees
who smoke marijuana to relieve pain or nausea can be fired for drug use even if
they have a state-issued medical marijuana card. Laws requiring employers to
accommodate disabled workers do not extend to medical marijuana use. Emerald
Steel v. Bur. of Labor & Indus., #S056265, 2010 Ore. Lexis 272, 348 Ore.
159, 230 P.3d 518. Note: U.S. Supreme Court has concluded that the federal
Controlled Substances Act does not contain a "medical necessity"
exception that permits the manufacture, distribution, or possession of
marijuana for medical treatment. U.S. v. Oakland Coop., #00-151, 532 U.S. 483
at 49 (2001).
Arbitrator concludes that management had just
cause to discharge a police officer who tested positive for barbiturates; the grievant�s
reliance on the Douglas Factors was misplaced because, under the agency�s
"Table of Penalties," the punishment for the first drug offense is
removal. D.C. Metro. Police Dept. and FOP, FMCS Case #08/54130-A, 126 LA (BNA)
151 (Evans, 2008).
Arbitrator sustains the termination of a police officer
who tested positive for benzoylecgonine (ecgonine benzoate), the primary
metabolite of cocaine. Although the grievant claimed that he was "an
excellent candidate for rehabilitation," the arbitrator noted that
"an employer has no legitimate interest in whether or not a discharged
employee ever achieves rehabilitation." Management did not act in
capricious, unreasonable, or arbitrary manner when it terminated the grievant.
City of Pharr, Tex. and Individual Grievant, 125 LA (BNA) 1729, AAA Case
#A70-390-00593-08 (Jennings, 2009).
California Supreme
Court, in a 5-to-2 holding, allows an employer to fire workers who use medical
marijuana, even when the employee has a doctor's written approval. Ross v. Ragingwire
Tel., #S138130, 2008 Cal. Lexis 784.
Appellate court dismisses the appeal of a police
applicant that was rejected because his polygraph examination indicated
deception concerning his involvement with illegal drugs and narcotics.
Management did not act irrationally or arbitrarily in relying on the results of
their own polygraph test as well as a secondary review conducted by the Vermont
state police. Mullen v. County of Suffolk, #2006-03220, 2007 N.Y. App. Div.
Lexis 9671 (3rd Dept.)
Oregon Supreme Court rules, under its state
disabilities law, that an employer is not obligated to retain workers who use
medical marijuana. Washburn v. Columbia For. Prod., #S52254, 2006 Ore. Lexis
354 (Ore. 2006).{N/R}
Maryland reverses the termination of a
nonsensitive corrections employee that tested positive for marijuana. There was
no showing she used it on the job or was impaired while on duty. Bond v. Dept.
of Public Safety and Corr. Servs., 2400-03, 2005 Md. App. Lexis 29, 22 IER
Cases (BNA) 551 (Md. Spec. App. 2005). [2005 FP May]
Appellate court reverses a trial court order
reinstating a firefighter who twice tested positively for amphetamine and
methamphetamine. Termination was the appropriate response. Coweta Co. v.
Henderson, A04A1686, 270 Ga.App. 153, 606 S.E.2d 7, 2004 Ga. App. Lexis 1152
(2004). {N/R}
Supreme Court declines to review the ADA suit of a
firefighter who was fired after a drug arrest and for failing to undergo
outpatient therapy as required by an earlier disciplinary settlement. O'Brien
v. Hackensack, #03-906, 124 S.Ct. 1422, 2004 U.S. Lexis 1111 (2004); prior
decis. at 2003 U.S. App. Lexis 12434 (Unpub. 3d Cir. 2003). {N/R}
Oregon courts affirm an arbitrator's decision to
reinstate an officer who used marijuana and lied about it. Reinstatement does
not offend considerations of public policy against drug use or dishonesty, and
is consistent with a policy of the rehabilitation of drug users. Washington Co.
Police Assn. v. Washington Co., Ore. Empl. Rel. Bd. #UP 76-99; aff'd,
SC#S49518, 335 Ore. 198, 63 P.3d 1167, 2003 Ore. Lexis 120, 172 LRRM (BNA) 2037
(Ore. 2003); action on remand at #A114208, 69 P.3d 767; 2003 Ore. App. Lexis
629, 172 LRRM (BNA) 2592 (Ore. App. 2003). [2003 FP Sep]
Arbitrator reinstates a municipal equipment
operator who was fired for testing positive on a random drug test. A two month
suspension was proper, in light of 19 years of good service. City of Oklahoma
City and AFSCME L2406, FMCS Case #01/16221, 116 LA (BNA) 1117 (Jennings, 2002).
[N/R]
Arbitrator reinstates a firefighter who was terminated
for unlawful drug use, because he was placed in a diversion program, which will
remove the conviction. Back pay was disallowed, and the city can test him for
drug use discharge him if he fails to complete the diversion program or tests
positive for drug use. Stockton (City of) and Stockton Firefighters L-1229,
CSMCS Case #ARB-00-0413, 116 LA (BNA) 390 (Staudohar, 2001). [2002 FP Feb]
Federal court rejects the privacy and wrongful
termination claim of an ex-trooper who had been videotaped at a pot party
before he had been hired. Dasey v. Mass. State Police, #00-11232, 2001 U.S.
Dist. Lexis 16149 17 IER Cases (BNA) 1708 (D. Mass. 2001). [2002 FP Jan]
Drug Free Workplace law, with a confidential
assistance provision, did not protect a lieutenant who admitted marijuana use
following a random test, and then began treatment. Miss. Dept. of Corr. v.
Corley, #1999-CC-0261, 769 So.2d 866, 2000 Miss. App. Lexis 478, 16 IER Cases
(BNA) 1597. [2001 FP 6-7]
Termination of a city employee, following his
arrest for possession of cocaine, did not violate the ADA. Pernice v. City of
Chicago, #00-1865, 237 F.3d 783, 2001 U.S. App. Lexis 372, 11 AD Cases (BNA)
608 (7th Cir.). {N/R}
Ohio appellate court sustains the termination of
a firefighter who was in a drug abuse assistance program. Allgood v. City of
Akron, #19554, 2000 Ohio App. Lexis 183 (9th Dist.). [2000 FP 41-2]
Termination of police officer for drug use
upheld, following an EMIT and GC-MS confirmation. Casey v. NYCHA, 672 N.Y.S.2d
305 (A.D. 1998). {N/R}
Recovering drug abusers are a protected group
under the N.J. state discrimination laws, and could challenge coercion,
intimidation and biased police enforcement activity, allegedly intended to
harass them from the neighborhood. Fowler v. Bor. of Westville, 97 F.Supp.2d
602, 2000 U.S. Dist. Lexis 6612 (D.N.J.). {N/R}
A Pennsylvania city violated the ADA rights of a
firefighter, who was discharged after his arrest, by agreeing to rehire him on
stated conditions and thereafter requiring him to participate in a $7,000 drug
treatment program which he could not afford. The city failed to accommodate his
disability when it denied him the opportunity to participate in an acceptable alternative
drug program that was covered by his insurance. Herman v. Allentown, 7 AD Cases
(BNA) 1326 (E.D.Pa. 1997). {N/R}
Federal appeals court upholds termination of NYC
firefighter who abused cocaine. Dept. had no obligation to refer him for treatment
and rehabilitation. D'Amico v. City of N.Y., 955 F.Supp. 294; aff'd, 132 F.3d
145, 1998 U.S. App. Lexis 113 (2d Cir.). [1998 FP 53-4]
ADA and rehabilitation counseling will not
prevent the termination of a firefighter for drug use and possession. Dauen v.
Bd. Fire & Police Cmsnrs., 656 N.E.2d 427 (Ill.App. 1995). [1996 FP 71-2]
NY appellate court sustains termination of a
detective who refused to take a drug test. Her ID was found at a "known
drug location" which raised a "reasonable suspicion" of drug
use. Felder v. Kelly, 619 N.Y.S.2d 46 (A.D. 1994). {N/R}
Appellate court confirms termination of NOFD
captain who tested positive for cocaine use. The laboratory's alleged failure
to inform him that he had the right to have an independent lab retest his urine
same did not warrant a reversal of the decision to fire him. Recasner v. Dept.
of Fire, 645 So.2d 1291 (La.App. 1994). {N/R}
Federal MSPB upholds termination of a
correctional program officer for refusal to take a drug test predicated on the
reasonable suspicion standard. Garrison v. Dept. of Justice, 33 (1609) G.E.R.R.
471 (MSPB 1995). {N/R}
Appeals court upholds rejection of a police
applicant who abused several drugs and admitted to false statements. Havern v.
Senko, 620 N.Y.S.2d 470 (A.D. 1994). [1995 FP 86]
Revised FBI employment guidelines ease
prohibition against former drug users. 32 (1556) G.E.R.R. 345 (3/7/94). [1994
FP 87]
Police officer was lawfully fired for cocaine
use, although there was an irregularity in the numbering procedures on the
urine samples. Snelson v. Bd. of Police Cmsnrs., St. Louis, 859 S.W.2d 794
(Mo.App. 1993). {N/R}
A police applicant who was rejected for former
casual and minor drug use is not disabled under the A.D.A. Hartman v. City of
Petaluma, 841 F.Supp. 946 (N.D.Cal. 1994). [1994 FP 72]
Air Force was not required to reinstate a
civilian fire inspector who tested positive for cocaine use. Repress v. McPeak,
#03930064, 17 (6) MPDLR (ABA) 617 (EEOC 1993). [1994 FP 72]
Appeals court rejects a police officer's defense
he "inadvertently" ingested cocaine. Harmon v. New York City Police
Dept., 591 N.Y.S.2d 411 (A.D. 1992). [1993 FP 86]
Appellate court upholds rejection of police
powers sought by a railroad police officer who tested positive for cocaine use.
Arana v. Constantine, 592 N.Y.S.2d 835 (A.D. 1993). [1993 FP 136]
N.Y. Appellate Courts uphold termination of
correction officer for presence of cocaine metabolites in urine and state
trooper for marijuana use. Torres v. Koehler, 562 N.Y.S.2d 697 (A.D. 1990);
Nolan v. Constantine, 563 N.Y.S.2d 141 (A.D. 1990). [1992 FP 5]
N.Y. Governor vetoes bill preventing discipline
of police who fail a drug screen. N.Y. Senate and Assembly Bill #S-2229-A,
vetoed 7/26/91.
State law requiring employers to offer counseling
before terminating a first-time, drug-abusing employee, does not prevent a city
for discharging a police officer for misconduct that is intertwined with his
drug abuse problem. Matter of Copeland, 455 N.W.2d 503 (Minn. App. 1990).
Pennsylvania police dept. did not have to rehire
former undercover narcotics officer who resigned, following his rehabilitation
for drug use. Desper v. Montgomery Co., Pa., 727 F.Supp. 959 (E.D. Pa. 1990).
A Minnesota police officer's single use of
cocaine warranted his termination, although single time marijuana abusers are
not fired. Likewise, a N.Y. trooper's dismissal for single use was not
excessive punishment. City of Minneapolis v. Johnson, 450 N.W.2d 156 (Minn.
App. 1990); Garnes v. N.Y. State Police, 549 N.Y.S.2d 876 (A.D. 1989).
Good record and alcohol dependency did not
prevent the termination of a police officer for possession of cocaine; city did
not have to provide a rehabilitation program. Minneapolis, City of v. Moe, 450
N.W.2d 367 (Minn. App. 1990).
Employer could reject rehabilitation of trooper
who abused alcohol and illicit drugs, and provide more lenient,
treatment-oriented program for alcoholics. Lavery v. Dept. of Highway Safety,
523 So.2d 696 (Fla. App. 1988).
Veterans administration acted unlawfully in
refusing to hire recovering drug addict as nurse. Wallace v. Veterans Admin.,
683 F.Supp. 758 (D. Kansas, 1988).
State trooper's good-faith effort to get
treatment for drug & alcohol dependency did not compel employer to retain
him pending rehabilitation. Lavery v. Dept. of Highway Safety, 523 So.2d 696
(Fla. App. 1988).
U.S. Supreme Court holds that employees fired
after using drugs in religious ceremonies would be entitled to unemployment
benefits if such use is legal in state. Employment Div., Dept. of Human Res. v.
Smith, 108 S.Ct. 1444 (1988).
State officials were entitled to qualified
immunity against lawsuit by fired employee claiming religious use of peyote.
Warner v. Graham, 845 F.2d 179 (8th Cir. 1988).
Dismissal of fire fighter for marijuana use not
unfair; lab records of urine tests admissible as "business records."
Lumsden v. New York City Fire Dept., 522 N.Y.S.2d 4 (A.D. 1987).
School not liable for teacher's distribution of
marijuana to students. Rubio v. Carlsbad Mun. School Dist., 744 P.2d 919 (N.M.
App. 1987).
Termination of police officer appropriate for
off-duty drug possession. Willis v. Meehan, 516 N.Y.S.2d 761 (A.D. 1987).
U.S. Supreme Court unanimously holds that federal
court could not set aside arbitrator's reinstatement of employee fired for
alleged use or possession of drugs. United Paperworks Intern. Union v. Misco,
Inc., 108 S.Ct. 364 (1987).
Postal employee could be terminated for aiding
the sale of drugs, despite the fact that no connection to work place drug use
was shown. Parker v. United States Postal Service, 819 F.2d 1113 (Fed. Cir.
1987).
Firefighter's lose suit against chief for making
public a report and charges they used drugs; broken promise of confidentiality
does not give employees a right to sue. Mangels v. Pena, 789 F.2d 836 (10th
Cir. 1986).
Firefighter's possession of marijuana and drug
paraphernalia not sufficient cause for discharge; privilege against
self-incrimination properly invoked during hearings. In Matter of Discharge of
John D. Kelvie, 384 N.W.2d 901 (Minn. App. 1986).
Louisiana appellate court sustains termination of
firefighters for on-duty marijuana use; dept. need not provide accused with
copy of test results prior to hearing absent a demand. Chauvin v. Houma Fire
& Police Civil Service Bd., 496 So.2d 441 (La. App. 1986).
Police officer properly discharged for drug
addiction when it rendered him unfit for duty; department's policy of
dismissing heroin addicts but treating alcoholics did not violate equal
protection. Heron v. McGuire, 803 F.2d 67 (2d Cir. 1986).
Court finds dismissal of police officer for
possession of marijuana (and other crimes) "shockingly severe" even
if charges had been proven. Berenhaus v. Ward, 504 N.Y.S.2d 412 (A.D. 1986).
Probationary employee could be terminated on
failure of two urinalysis tests. Giannandrea v. Meehan, 499 N.Y.S.2d 129 (A.D.
1986).
Federal Court upholds termination of police
officer for possession of marijuana. Hopkins v. City of Wilmington, 615 F.Supp.
1455 (D. Del. 1985).
Use of cocaine during period of suspension could
not be used as a basis to deny reinstatement. Ray v. City and Co. of Denver,
677 P.2d 399 (Colo. App.), cert. den. (1984).
Use of marijuana warranted suspension, not
termination. State Board could not withdraw peace officer certification after
civil service commission reduced the penalty. Matter of Ackerson, 335 N.W.2d
342 (S.D. 1983).
Illinois appellate court orders employment of
firefighter applicant who used marijuana, hashish and cocaine. Murbach v.
Anderson, 422 N.E.2d 41 (Ill.App. 1981).
Misinformation to other police officers
concerning friend's drug use warranted termination. Slayton v. Board of Fire
and Police Cmsnrs. of Streamwood, 430 N.E.2d 41 (Ill.App. 1981).
Possession of marijuana at correctional facility
warrants termination of guard. Stone v. Commonwealth Correctional Instit., 422
A.2d 1227 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1980).
Pot use distinguished from pot smuggling; federal
court denies reinstatement. Richter v. City of Tallahassee, 361 So.2d 205 (Fla.
App. 1978).
Arizona appellate court affirms termination of
officer who smoked pot while on undercover assignment. bishop v. Law Enf. Merit
System Council, 581 P.2d 262 (Ariz. App. 1978).
Federal court in Philadelphia orders city to
employ former drug addicts. Davis v. Bucher, 451 F.Supp. 791, 17 FEP Cases 918
(E.D. Pa. 1978).
Federal appeals court reinstates pot smoker;
government could not show conviction affected job performance. Young v.
Hampton, 568 F.2d 1253 (7th Cir. 1977).
California fireman wins reinstatement and back
pay in marijuana case. Cann v. Civil Service Board of City of Oakland,
#456166-0, Super Ct. Alameda Co. (Cal. 1975).
Fire Dispatcher, fired for on-the-job marijuana
use, reinstated by arbitrator; delayed charging process and reliance on mercy,
mitigated punishment. City of Madison and AFSCME L-60, (Marshall, 1975).
The plaintiff was issued a medical
marijuana registry card under state law. Based on this, and relying on a letter
issued by the federal ATF, a firearms dealer refused to sell her a firearm. She
claimed that federal statutes, regulations, and guidance that prevented her
from buying a gun because of her medical marijuana use violated her Second
Amendment rights. Intermediate scrutiny was applied, and the court properly
held that 18 U.S.C. 922(d)(3), 27 C.F.R. 478.11, and the ATF's Open Letter at
issue did not place a severe burden on the plaintiff's Second Amendment rights.
The degree of fit between the laws and guidance and the goal of preventing gun
violence was reasonable and survived intermediate scrutiny. The appeals court
also rejected First Amendment and Fifth Amendment due process claims. There was
no constitutionally protected liberty interest in holding a medical marijuana
registry card at the same time as buying a firearm. Wilson v. Lynch, #14-15700,
2016 U.S. App. Lexis 16108 (9th Cir.).
While the state of
Colorado has legalized the use of marijuana for both medical and recreational
purposes, the Colorado Supreme Court has ruled that a quadriplegic employee who
uses marijuana, even with a prescription and even off-duty can be fired for
such use. In this case, an employee who tested positive for THC during random
drug testing could not sue for wrongful discharge under state law despite being
a medical marijuana patient, with a prescription granted for the drug to help
control violent muscle spasms. Because the use of marijuana is unlawful under
federal law, its use does not fall within the protection of a state statute
governing "lawful" activities. Under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S.
Constitution, when there is a conflict between federal and state law, federal
law prevails, including in the context of marijuana regulation. While the case
involved a private employer, the same reasoning would apply with a public
employer. Coats v. Dish Network, LLC, #13SC394, 2015 Colo. Lexis 520.
In
Colorado, where recreational use of marijuana is now legal, along with medical
use of marijuana, an intermediate state appeals court has ruled by 2-1 that
users of either recreational or medical marijuana in the state can legally be
fired, despite the fact that Colorado also has a law providing employment
protection for doing legal things while off duty. The decision is based on the
illegal status of marijuana under federal law. The case involved a private
employer who fired a quadriplegic medical marijuana patient for off the job
marijuana use. He tested positive for marijuana The court also said that a
showing that the drug use impaired job performance was not required. Coats v.
Dish Network, #12-CA0595, 2013 Colo. App. Lexis 616, 2013 COA 62.
An employee of a private company was fired
for testing positive for marijuana on a drug test. He sued for wrongful
termination, and claimed that the fact that he was a legal registered user of
medical marijuana under state law barred the employer from firing him for its
use. The appeals court held that the state law provided no protection to the
employee against termination for drug use. The statute did not purport to
regulate private employment actions, and, if the legislature intended any such
broad extension of employee rights against termination for the use of
marijuana, illegal under federal law, and illegal under state law too, except
for permitted medical purposes, it would have expressly enacted it. Casias v.
Wal-Mart, #11-1227, 2012 U.S. App. Lexis 19634, 2012 Fed. App. 0343P (6th
Cir.).
While Washington state law allows the medical use of
marijuana for patients with a certificate for certain conditions, the
Washington Supreme Court has ruled that this does not bar employers in the
state from firing employees with such certificates for marijuana use, nor
require employers to "reasonably accommodate" medical marijuana
users. The decision prohibits the state's Human Rights Commission from
investigating complaints about such firings. The court reasoned that, despite
the allowance for medical use under state law, it would violate public policy
to require employers to sanction criminal conduct by retaining such workers,
since use of the drug is a federal crime. Roe v. TeleTech Customer Care Mgmt.,
#83768-6, 2011 Wash. Lexis 393.
Oregon Supreme Court holds that employees who
smoke marijuana to relieve pain or nausea can be fired for drug use even if
they have a state-issued medical marijuana card. Laws requiring employers to
accommodate disabled workers do not extend to medical marijuana use. Emerald
Steel v. Bur. of Labor & Indus., #S056265, 2010 Ore. Lexis 272, 348 Ore.
159, 230 P.3d 518. Note: U.S. Supreme Court has concluded that the federal
Controlled Substances Act does not contain a "medical necessity"
exception that permits the manufacture, distribution, or possession of
marijuana for medical treatment. U.S. v. Oakland Coop., #00-151, 532 U.S. 483
at 49 (2001).
California Supreme Court, in a 5-to-2 holding,
allows an employer to fire workers who use medical marijuana, even when the
employee has a doctor's written approval. Ross v. Ragingwire Tel., #S138130,
2008 Cal. Lexis 784.
N.Y. appellate court affirms the rejection of a
police officer applicant who tested positive for barbiturates, a controlled
substance. Police agencies have wide discretion to determining the fitness of
candidates, particularly police officers. Stephens v. Suffolk
County,#2003-10030, 15 A.D.3d 589, 789 N.Y.S.2d 740, 2005 N.Y. App. Div. Lexis
1852 (2d Dept. 2005). {N/R}
Utah Supreme Court affirms the termination of a police
officer who abused a prescription drug after two suicide attempts. Kelly v.
Salt Lake City, #990530-CA, 2000 UT App 235, 8 P.3d 1048, 2000 Utah App. Lexis
75. [2001 FP 7]
ADA did not protect a corrections officer who was
disabled by an iatrogenic addiction to a prescriptive drug. Patzer v. Sullivan,
#95-C-154-C, 34 (1659) G.E.R.R. (BNA) 501 (W.D.Wis.1996). {N/R}
Officer's rehabilitation from alcoholism,
prescription drugs and stress no defense to separation from employment. Town of
Watertown v. Arria, 451 N.E.2d 443 (Mass. App. 1983).
See also: Alcohol Abuse.