The Eleventh Amendment does not bar state troopers from seeking injunctive relief against a state government for age discrimination under the ADEA. State Police for Automatic Retirement Assn. v. DiFava, #01-158, 2003 U.S. App. Lexis 653 (1st Cir. 2003). [2003 FP Mar]
     A divided Supreme Court holds that the ADEA cannot be constitutionally applied to state government employers. Kimel v. Florida Bd. of Regents, U.S., #98-791, 528 U.S. 62, 120 S.Ct. 631, 2000 U.S. Lexis 498, 81 FEP Cases (BNA) 970. [2000 FP 35]
     State employees cannot maintain an ADEA action against a university under the Eleventh Amendment. Coger v. Bd. of Reg. of Tenn., 209 F.3d 485, 2000 U.S. App. Lexis 6162, 2000 FED App. 0118P, 83 FEP Cases (BNA) 1476 (6th Cir. 2000). {N/R}
     11th Circuit upholds the constitutionality of ADA claims against a state, but votes 2-to-1 to strike down application of the ADEA. Kimel v. Fla. Regents; Dickson v. Fla. Corrections; MacPherson v. Univ. Montevallo, 139 F.3d 1426, 1998 U.S. App. Lexis 8338, 76 FEP Cases (BNA) 1201 (11th Cir. 1998). [1998 FP 83]
     Seventh Circuit holds that the Congress did abrogate state sovereignty in enacting the ADEA. Goshtasby v. Bd. of Tr. Univ. Ill., 141 F.3d 761, 1998 WL 169755, 1998 U.S. App. Lexis 7386, 76 FEP Cases (BNA) 1179 (7th Cir. 4/13/98), 76 FEP Cases (BNA) 1179. [1998 FP 83]
     Note: Other federal circuits are split over whether state agencies are immune from federal age discrimination legislation. Blanciak v. Allegheny, 77 F.3d 690 (3d Cir. 1996); Humenansky v. Regents Univ. Minn., 1998 U.S. App. Lexis 18513, 77 FEP Cases (BNA) 679 (8th Cir. 8/11/98); Keeton v. Univ. Nev., 1998 WL 381432, 1998 U.S. App. Lexis 15292, 77 FEP Cases (BNA) 521 (1998); Hurd v. Pittsburg St. Univ., 109 F.3d 1540 (10th Cir. 1997). [1998 FP 147-8]
     Second Circuit rules that state agencies are not immune under the ADEA. Cooper v. N.Y.S.M.H., 1998 U.S. App. Lexis 31725, 162 F.3d 770 (2d Cir.). {N/R}
     Constitutionality of ADEA challenged: Ridaught v. Division of Florida Highway Patrol, 314 So.2d 140 (Fla. 1975).
     Also see EEOC regulations at www.eeoc.gov/regs/