AELE LAW LIBRARY OF CASE SUMMARIES:
Corrections Law for
Jails, Prisons and Detention Facilities
Procedural: Discovery
An intermediate
California appeals court found that a trial court erred in ordering a prison
warden to either disclose unredacted copies of information in a prisoner's
file or else not rely on the information in opposing the prisoner's habeas
corpus petition. The information involved was conditionally privileged
and came from other prisoners who served as confidential informants. The
disclosure of their identities would necessarily endanger their lives.
Ochoa v. Superior Court, #H036970, 2011 Cal. App. Lexis 1290 (Cal. App.).
A former prisoner sued
a prison doctor, claiming that he knew he had been diagnosed with schizophrenia,
but had refused to provide him with antipsychotic medication, resulting
in him hearing voices for six months while incarcerated. The trial court
appointed a lawyer to represent him, after he stated that his mental impairment
made it difficult to present his case. Despite this, the plaintiff's responses
to discovery requests were late, incomplete, and vague, and he failed to
provide medical records within his control. In response to a question about
his medical treatment since 2000, the plaintiff stated that he had been
hospitalized about 150 times, but offered no details about where or when,
failing to name any hospitals or physicians. A federal appeals court upheld
the dismissal of the lawsuit as a sanction for failing to comply with discovery
requests. The court below had taken the prisoner's mental condition into
account in extending deadlines and appointing a lawyer to assist him. Despite
these accommodations, the plaintiff failed to cure defects in his discovery
responses, and failed to appear in court when his presence was required
by court order. Watkins v. Nielsen, #10-2366, 2010 U.S. App. Lexis 25775
(Unpub. 7th Cir.).
A federal trial court granted a prisoner's
motion for reconsideration and vacation of summary judgment in favor of
a city in his lawsuit claiming that he was beaten and kicked by officers
during city prison intake procedures. The city had produced, in an untimely
manner, a corrections' sergeant's log. This log, which was a "critical
document" in the case, was "inexplicably" not produced by
the city during the discovery process, and was only made available after
summary judgment in the case had been granted in the city's favor. In granting
the city summary judgment, the court relied on the city's representation
that the log did not exist, and the detainee was unable to use information
contained in the log to respond to the motion for summary judgment. Shimoyama
v. City of Philadelphia, Civil Action No. 05-6299, 2008 U.S. Dist. Lexis
44690 (E.D. Pa.).
Plaintiff prisoner was entitled to production
of pictures of six correctional officers who were allegedly present when
he claimed officers assaulted him, for the purpose of identifying his assailants
in a federal civil rights lawsuit. Murphy v. West, No. 04-CV-6615, 2008
U.S. Dist. Lexis 8435 (W.D.N.Y.).
Investigative reports prepared by Alabama
Department of Youth Services regarding allegations of physical and sexual
abuse and sexual exploitation of detainees by department employees were
"work product" written in anticipation of future litigation,
and were initially entitled to "work-product" privilege from
discovery, but the detainees, in their lawsuit against the department employees,
were entitled to a hearing to determine whether they could overcome that
privilege by showing a "substantial need" for the reports because
they were unable, without "undue hardship" to otherwise obtain
the equivalent of the information contained in the reports. Ex Parte Alabama
Dept. of Youth Services v. Zeigler, No. 1040649, 927 So. 2d 805 (Ala. 2005).
[N/R]
Documents prepared by a member of a county
jail mental health services division quality assurance committee were entitled
to protection against discovery in a lawsuit brought by survivors of an
arrestee who hung himself in the county jail. The committee constituted
a "peer review body" covered by a California statutory privilege
against discovery of records of such bodies. The fact that the document
had been prepared by only one member of the committee did not alter the
result. County of Los Angeles v. Superior Court, No. B188909, 42 Cal. Rptr.
3d 390 (Cal. App. 2nd Dist. 2006). [N/R]
In lawsuit claiming that county failed to provide
adequate medical care to mentally ill prisoners, a report by a consulting
expert retained by the county to evaluate health services and programs
at the county's jails was not protected from discovery under the work products
doctrine protecting materials prepared in anticipation of litigation. The
expert was not asked to investigate any particular claims but rather to
help the county develop long range planning and analysis of its health
care needs. There was no evidence that the county's outside litigation
attorney was involved in or directed the preparation of the report. Mims
v. Dallas County, No. 3-04-CV-2754, 230 F.R.D. 479 (N.D. Tex. 2005). [N/R]
Prisoner was entitled to discovery of personnel
files and related records of five defendant prison employees he claimed
had been deliberately indifferent to his serious medical needs, along with
other documents concerning their training and job performance. Any intrusion
into their privacy could be addressed by an appropriate protective order
by the court. Smith v. Goord, No. Civ.A. 9:03-CV-294, 222 F.R.D. 238 (N.D.N.Y.
2004). [N/R]
Prisoner was not entitled to sanctions against
prison officials and their attorneys for alleged failure to fully respond
to his discovery requests when he failed to show that they acted in bad
faith, vexatiously or unreasonably. Federal trial court finds that defendants'
responses to the prisoner's immediate document requests were adequate.
Avent v. Solfaro, No. 02Civ.0914(RCC)(RLE), 223 F.R.D. 184 (S.D.N.Y. 2004).
[N/R]
In a lawsuit by a New York prisoner seeking
damages for injuries he suffered while operating router equipment in a
prison work assignment, the court ruled that the "drastic remedy"
of striking the State's answer to the prisoner's complaint was not justified
by the State's failure to produce, in discovery, its accident report and
the maintenance records for the router, but found that this was sufficient
to support an inference that, if these records had been produced, they
would have been unfavorable to the State. Gentle v. State of New York,
No. 96927, 778 N.Y.S.2d 660 (Ct. Cl. 2004). [N/R]
Employee accident reports, employee interviews,
and employee training records were not exempt from disclosure under New
York law to prisoner seeking information concerning an incident in which
he was allegedly injured by correctional officers, so long as personal
data about individual officers was excluded. Disclosure of employee staffing
records, however, were exempt, as their disclosure could endanger officers'
lives and safety by revealing where they were posted within the correctional
facility. Beyah v. Goord, 766 N.Y.S.2d 222 (A.D. Dept. 3 2003). [2004 JB
Apr]
Prisoner accused of heroin possession did
not show good cause to obtain personnel files of correctional officers
who obtained information which tipped them off that he might be selling
drugs when there was no factual basis for his claim that they engaged in
misconduct which led to the discovery of the drugs. Officers were not personally
involved in the search that led to the discovery of the heroin. People
v. Collins, 8 Cal. Rptr. 3d 731 (Cal. App. 2d Dist. 2004). [N/R]
Prisoner's allegations that his leg infection and
urinary tract infection worsened and became more serious as a result of
inadequate medical treatment was sufficient to support a claim against
prison officials for violation of his Eighth Amendment rights, but trial
court acted erroneously by declining to rule on the merits of prison officials'
motion for summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity, particularly
when plaintiff did not file an affidavit in opposition or show why he needed
further discovery to respond. Wallin v. Norman, #02-1634, 317 F.3d 558
(6th Cir. 2003). [2003 JB Oct]
Prisoner asserting that prison officials
interfered with his access to the courts and retaliated against him for
filing lawsuits must identify, in response to interrogatories, what lawsuits
he is referring to, when his complaint and its exhibits were "devoid"
of such information. Davidson v. Goord, 215 F.R.D. 73 (W.D.N.Y. 2003).
[N/R]
Prisoner's right to disclosure of exculpatory
materials was not violated in a prison disciplinary proceeding against
him for attempting to procure drugs when he was not allowed to view a security
videotape which showed the alleged transport of the drugs between prisoners'
cells. The evidence of the tape was not withheld from the fact-finders,
and allowing the inmate access could jeopardize prison security by disclosing
the location of the camera, which could result in the avoidance of detection
in the future. Herrera v. Davis, No. 02-2186, 54 Fed. Appx. 861 (7th Cir.
2002). [N/R]
In lawsuit alleging that officer at
juvenile correctional facility sexually assaulted a male minor prisoner,
there was good cause to postpone the deposition of the minor plaintiff
for a short time until after his release from custody in order to protect
the minor from the possibility of further psychological harm. Williams
v. Greenlee, 210 F.R.D. 577 (N.D. Tex. 2002). [N/R]
A plaintiff prisoner's refusal to answer questions
at a deposition was not sufficient to justify the "drastic sanction"
of dismissal of his claims when the judicial order authorizing the deposition
failed to have any language compelling the plaintiff to answer questions
under penalty of dismissal, but rather, only a general statement that "noncompliance"
could lead to sanctions. Dawes v. Coughlin, 210 F.R.D. 38 (W.D.N.Y. 2002).[N/R]
Trial court properly granted summary judgment
without further delay to correctional employees on prisoner's lawsuit alleging
that they failed to provide him with a safe environment or adequate medical
care when prisoner failed to demonstrate how any additional discovery would
lead to the production of evidence that would create a genuine issue of
disputed material fact. Prisoner injured himself by stepping into an uncovered
manhole on prison grounds and subsequently received treatment including
surgery for a spinal injury. Lockaby v. L.L. Young, #02-6033, 42 Fed. Appx.
313 (10th Cir. 2002). [N/R]
In a class action lawsuit by city jail inmates
who were diagnosed with mental illness, plaintiffs had the right to obtain
the discharge planning records of former inmates already released as part
of the discovery. Brad H. v. City of New York, 729 N.Y.S.2d 348 (Sup. 2001).
[N/R]
A prisoner's willful refusal to cooperate
with the court's orders for the discovery of information was a sufficient
basis for the dismissal with prejudice of his lawsuit over allegedly illegal
strip searches performed by correctional personnel, but an assessment of
attorneys' fees against him would have "no practical effect"
as he was "in poverty" and serving a sentence of 25 years to
life. Davidson v. Dean, 204 F.R.D. 251 (S.D.N.Y. 2001). [N/R]
The trial court's order denying summary judgment
on qualified immunity grounds, and granting the prisoner leave to conduct
additional discovery was not immediately appealable when it was based on
the court's determination that there were disputed issues of material fact
that needed to be resolved. Garrett v. Stratman, #00-1028, 254 F.3d 940
(10th Cir. 2001). [N/R]
County detention facility's "nursing
peer review" records were discoverable as relevant to possible municipal
liability in lawsuit over the adequacy of medical care of a pretrial detainee
who died of peritonitis. Leon v. County of San Diego, No. CIV.00-CV-1292-K,
202 F.R.D. 631 (S.D. Cal. 2001). [N/R]
285:140 County jail officials were entitled
to assert attorney-client and work-product privileges to withhold disclosure
of documents prepared in anticipation of U.S. Justice Department lawsuit
over jail conditions, even in a "closely related" separate lawsuit
brought by former inmates seeking money damages; having asserted such privileges,
however, they would not be allowed to make use of the documents at trial
for any purpose, including using them to establish that their decisions
about the jail were made based on legal advice. Winton v. Board of Com'rs
of Tulsa County, Ok, 188 F.R.D. 398 (N.D. Ok. 1999).
273:132 Monetary sanctions awarded against
plaintiff's lawyer in federal civil rights lawsuit were not immediately
appealable; any appeal must wait until the final resolution of the underlying
case. Cunningham v. Hamilton Co., Ohio, #98-727, 119 S. Ct. 1915 (1999).
270:91 Officers who prisoner claimed beat
him in county jail could not be excluded from each other's depositions
in the absence of unusual circumstances; officers had four years previously
during which they were able to talk about incident, so barring them from
deposition would not serve the purpose of preventing them from comparing
notes. Lee v. Denver Sheriff's Department, 181 F.R.D. 651 (D. Colo. 1998).
258:90 Information concerning correctional
official's prior arrest for assault was discoverable in former prisoner's
excessive force lawsuit against him, despite dismissal of criminal charge.
Cox v. McClellan, 174 F.R.D. 32 (W.D.N.Y. 1997).
258:91 Correctional officer sued by former
prisoner who claimed he raped her was not entitled to discovery concerning
all of her past sexual contacts, but could receive information concerning
any prior sexual contacts which were "violent or damaging." Giron
v. Corrections Corp. of America, 981 F.Supp. 1406 (D.N.M. 1997).
Medical records showing that plaintiff inmate
suffered from a "persecution complex" and was "paranoid
schizophrenic" provided sufficient grounds to order a mental examination
of inmate who claimed prison officials brought false disciplinary charges
against him. Hodges v. Keane, 145 F.R.D. 332 (S.D.N.Y. 1993).
California appeals court holds that state
law provides conditional privilege to discovery of officer's home address
and other information contained in personnel file. Hackett v. Superior
Court, 16 Cal.Rptr.2d 405 (Cal.App. 1993).